NARRATIVE TEXT

Definition of Narative Text :
Narative text is a text that is uses for the purpose of entertaining or amusing, creating, stimulating amotions, motivating, guilding and teaching the readers or the listeners and it usually deals with actual or vacious axperience .


=) Narative text such as : Fable (mouse deer and crocodile), lagend / folk tables (sangkuriang, malin kundang), fairy tale (Cinderella, snow white, pinochio) .


Complication: it is about the conflict or the big problem of the story. Complication is the part of the story in which there is a conflict among the characters of the story (it is possible to make more than one conflict in a complication), and it is the climax of the story (the big problem in the story). A story can have more than one complication.

Resolution: it is the solution of the problem. It can be a happy or sad ending. In Resolution, the solution or the way out of the conflict/ the big problem must be written.

Coda: it is the change of one of the character or two, or the meaning of the story that can be caught as a moral value of life.


The Generic of Narative Text :
1) Orientation : It sets the scane and introduces the participants (it answer the questions = who, when, what, where) .
2) Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narrator's point of view). It's optional .
3) Complications : a crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters .
4) Resulation : a solution to the problem (for better or worse) .
5) Resolution : The crisis is revolved, for better or worse .

Linguistic features :
1. Use active verbs.
2. Use past tense.
3. Use conjunction.
4. The first person (I or We) or the third person (He, She, or They).
5. Use specific nouns.
6. Use adjective and adverbs

Kinds of Narrative Text
• Myth
• Legend
• Fable
• Folklore




EXAMPLE :

THE PRINCE AND PRINCESS

There once was a prince who wanted to marry a princess, but it had to be a real princess. So he went all over the world looking for a real princess. Everywhere he met young ladies who told him they were real princesses, but he could never be completely sure that this was true. There was always something about them that did not seem quite right. And so, after along time, the prince went back home to his parents and was very sad.
One evening there was a terrible storm. It rained heavily and there was thunder and lightning in the sky above the royal castle. Then there was a knock at the castle gate. The old king went out to see who it could be.
A princess was standing outside the gate. The rain ran down over her hair and clothes and into her shoes. She told the king that she was a real princess, and he asked her to come inside.
“Well, said the old queen. We’ll soon find out if that is true. She went into the guest bedroom and took the mattress and blanket off the bed. Then she put a little green pea on the bed. She put twenty mattress on top of the pea, and then twenty blankets on top of the mattress. This was where the princess was going to spend the night.
The next morning the queen asked the princess how she had slept.
“Oh, it was terrible!” answered the princess. “I didn’t close my eyes all night. I don’t know what was in my bed, but I lay on something hard, and now I am black and blue all over. It was quite a terrible night”
Now, the king, the queen and the prince could be sure that this was a real princess! She had felt the little pea through twenty mattresses and twenty blankets. Only a real princess will be able to do that!
So the prince married the princess, and the pea was put in a museum for everyone to see. And, unless someone has taken it, it is still there today.

INVITATION

INVITATION
Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc

Offerins invitation

->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?

Accepting invitation
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.

Reffusing
->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.

Example :

Invitation Verbal
Example:
We want to invite you to come to our house
Can you come to my restaurant?
Are you free tonight?

Accepting (menerima)
I like that
That sounds good
Thank you for inviting

Refusing(menolak)
I like that but I can’t
I’m very sorry for not able to come
Sorry, I’m very busy

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Hi guys...
Welcome in Semester Two..
Now, I will write about Simple Future Tense..

The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.

How do we make the Simple Future Tense?

The structure of the simple future tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb WILL	+	main verb
		invariable		base
		will		V1

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	will		open	the door.
+	You	will		finish	before me.
-	She	will	not	be	at school tomorrow.
-	We	will	not	leave	yet.
?	Will	you		arrive	on time?
?	Will	they		want	dinner?

When we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:

I will	I'll
you will	you'll
he will she will it will	he'll she'll it'll
we will	we'll
they will	they'll

For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this:

I will not	I won't
you will not	you won't
he will not she will not it will not	he won't she won't it won't
we will not	we won't
they will not	they won't

How do we use the Simple Future Tense?

No Plan

We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:

• Hold on. I'll get a pen.
• We will see what we can do to help you.
• Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.

In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.
We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:

• I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
• I think I will have a holiday next year.
• I don't think I'll buy that car.

Prediction

We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:

• It will rain tomorrow.
• People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
• Who do you think will get the job?

Be

When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:

• I'll be in London tomorrow.
• I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
• Will you be at work tomorrow?

Congratulation, Compliment, and Gratitude

Hi Guys,

you must be not strange with this word...

Happy birthday! , or You look great…, or  Thank you very much..

That constitute example who we will study present..

That is example of Congratulation, Compliment, and Gratitude.

Congratulation  is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.

Congratulating:

–        Congratulations!

–        Congratulations on your success!

–        Happy birthday!

–        Merry Christmas!

–        Happy New Year!

–        Happy Valentine!

–        Happy anniversary!

Compliment  is an expression that we show or say to express/give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will, for example:

•          on his/her general appearance

•          if you notice something new about the person’s appearance

•          when you visit someone’s house for the first time

•          when other people do their best

Complimenting:

–        What a nice dress!

–        You look great.

–        You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.

–        I really must express my admiration for your dance.

–        Good grades!

–        Excellent!

–        Nice work!

–        Good job! 

Gratitude  is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.

Thanking:

–        Thank you very much

–        Thank you for your help

–        I’m really very grateful to you

–        You’re welcome

–        Don’t mention it

–        It’s a pleasure / My pleasure

–        I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)

–        I am grateful to your help

DESCRIPTION

Hi Guys…

I will describe about my guitar..

I have a guitar.

The color is brown and yellow

brand of my guitar is YAMAHA.

I like to play it while I am sad or pleasing even

I Love my Guitar.

This is Example about Description.

Now we will study about Descriptive..

Social Function

To describe a particular person, place or thing

Generic Structure

•  Identification : identifies phenomenon to be describe
•  Description : describes part, qualities, characteristics

Significant Grammatical Features

•  Focus on specific Participant
•  Use of attributes and identifying Processes
•  Frequent use of Epithets and Classifiers in nominal groups
•  Use of simple present tense 

CIRI KETERBATASAN

•           Nouns tertentu, misalnya teacher, house, my rabbit, dsb

•          Simple present tense

•          Detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek misalnya she a sweet young lady

•          Berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, misalnya : two strong legs, dsb

•          Relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek. Misalnya : My mum is really cool, it has very thick fur, dsb

•          Thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi   penulis tentang subjek, misalnya : police believe the suspect is armed. I think it is a clever animal, dsb. Action verbs, misalnya : our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb.

•          Adverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut. Misalnya : fast, at the three house, dsb.

•          Bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metaphor, misalnya : John is white as chalk,   sat, tight, dsb.

INTRODUCTORY IT

This time, I will work through about Introductory it..

Do you know Introductory It ?

Explanation

A :     To understand this lesson is easy.

B :     It    is easy to understand this lesson.

•          In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position in the sentence. Thus, it is called introductory “it”.

•          A and B mean the same thing, but sentence B is more common and useful than A. A was introduced mainly to make the meaning of B easier to understand.  

Example of Introductory “it” :

•          To watch musical programs is pleasant.

•          It is pleasant to watch musical program.

•          To play football must be fun.

•          It is fun to play football

THE PLACE FOR “IT”
1. in subject position

• IT + TO BE + ADJECTIVE ………………..
- It is not difficult to understand the lesson.
- It would be nice seeing him again

• IT + TO BE + NOUN ………………………
- It is a pity to spend the money that way
- It is a difficult thing doing everything by yourself

• IT + LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE……..
- It became useless to go on
- It appears no good cheating on the test

• IT + VERB + THAT CLAUSE …………….
- It seems that she was sick
- It happened that I was not out of town

2. in object position
• SUBJECT + VERB + IT + ADJECTIVE
- I think it wrong to cheat in the examination
- I found it easy to get the best score for English
THE USES OF “IT”
a) The use of “it” in sentences about time and weather

It Be Noun Phrase
It Is Ten o’clock
It Is saturday


It Be Adjective
It Is Late
It Is Nice today

It Verb
It Rains in the rainy season
It Snows In the winter

b) The use of it in sentences about distance
Example 1

- From Madiun to Ngawi is 500 miles It is 500 miles from Madiun to Ngawi
Example 2
- From here to Matahari Plaza is 200 meters
It is 200 meters from here to Matahari Plaza or
It is 200 meters to Matahari Plaza

c) Another uses of “it”

I. To infinitive(to + V1)
- To understand this lesson is easy This lesson is easy to understand or it is easy to understand this lesson
II. Being /Ving
- Being a good student is important it is important to be a good student
- Playing football is fun it is fun to play football
III. Should
- Parents should take care their children it is important for parents to take care their children

THERE
SINGULAR
• A book is on the table there is a book on the table
• A book was on the table there was a book on the table
PLURAL
• Some books are on the table there are some books on the table
• Some book were on the table there were some books on the table

The expletive “there” has no meaning. It is used only to fill the subject position)

When the subject is an infinitive phrase, the sentence often begins with it. Instead of saying ‘To find fault with others is easy’, we say, ‘It is easy to find fault with others’.

More examples are given below.

• It is easy to learn English. (More natural than ‘To learn English is easy’.)
• It was not easy to understand his motive.
• It may be advisable to consult a specialist.
• It could be dangerous to drive so fast.
• It was pleasant to sit on the beach.

However, when we want to emphasize the infinitive phrase, it may be put at the beginning especially if it is short.

• To err is human.
• To withdraw now will be sheer folly.

When the subject is a phrase that includes a gerund, it is used as a provisional subject to begin the sentence. Instead of saying ‘Your trying to deceive us is no good’, we may say ‘It is no good your trying to deceive us’.

• Will it be any good my talking to him about it?
• It is no use arguing with him.
• It won’t be much good complaining to the officer about it.

Note that the gerund can be changed into the infinitive.

• Will it be any good for me to talk to him about it?

     When the subject is a clause, the sentence usually begins with it. Instead of saying ‘That she was once a famous artist is true’, we may say, ‘It is true that she was once a famous artist’.

• It does not matter whether he comes or not. ( Whether he comes or not does not matter.)
• It is doubtful whether he can pay the dues. ( Whether he can pay the dues is doubtful.)
• It cannot be denied that the doctors did their best to save his life. (That the doctors did their best to save his life cannot be denied.)

SURPRISE AND DISBELIEF

Hi Guys,

Now, I want to give surprise to my mother’s birthday.

You definitely have to understand about how to give surprise.
Well, now you read this horoscope in advance so you understand.


Surprise & Disbelief
A feeling that we feel when heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us an expression  that we show/ say when we know /hear/see something that rather difficult to believe .Used to express something that we cant or impossible.
 
To express surprise or disbelief:

• What a surprise! That’s a surprise!
• (Well), that’s very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious? You must be joking!
• You’re kidding!
• Fancy that!
• I must say … surprises me.
• I  find that hard to believe.

Surprising  amazement of something :

• Fantastic
• It’s great
• It’s terrific
• Wonderful !
• What a lovely flowers !

Example of expressing  surprise:
A: How can you say that?
B: Well, that’s the fact.

 
When you got a surprising fact, you can say:

•   Do you know what?
•   Believe it or not
•   You may not believe it, but …
•   Can you believe this?

You can respond to the surprising fact using these expressions:

• Really?
• Are you joking?
• Oh?
• Where? Show me.

There are some ways to express surprise :

* Never !
* Oh, no!
* You`re kidding
* What a surprise
* Good heavens
* My goodness  
  Disbelief

Here are some sentences to express disbelief :

  I don’t believe it

   I can’t believe it

  It’s really unbelievable

  How could it be?

 

  Example of expressing disbelief:
A: I can’t believe it!
B: That’s true.

 

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

Look This.!

That is one example of Asking for information.


 There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:

* Could you tell me...?
* Do you know...?
* Do you happen to know...?
* I'd like to know...
* Could you find out...?
* I'm interested in...
* I'm looking for..

These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
* I'm calling to find out...
* I'm calling about...

Asking for Information
Information about company
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?
We produce marketing materials.
We specialize in art and design.
What are your major products?
What services do you provide?
We produce office machines.
We design software.
We provide technical support.

Information about products
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.
This is one of our top brands.
It's our best selling refrigerator.
This one is the best in its class.
We're really pleased with its performance.
It's an excellent computer.
I highly recommend this one.
This model comes with several features.
This particular one has two components.

Information about Price What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?
This (one) sells for $5900.
This one goes for $2900.
This one is priced at $9695.
Construction

Formula Question Word Example Finish
Could you tell me when the next train leaves?
Do you know how much that vase costs?
Do you happen to know where Tom lives?
I'd like to know what you think about the new project.
Could you find out when she is going to arrive?

Formula Gerund (-ing) Example Finish
I'm interested in buying a boat

Formula Noun Example Finish
I'm looking for information on holidays in Spain.

Formula used only on the telephone Question Word Example Finish
I'm calling to find out... if flight AZ098 will leave on time today.

Formula used only on the telephone Noun Example Finish
I'm calling about... the offer published in today's newspaper

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Now I will include lessons on modals verbs in the past form. Hopefully you can understand after reading this.
Happy reading ...

1. Definition
Modals in the Past form dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah kata bantu pengandaian dalam bentuk lampau.

Modals in the past are :
1. Could
2. Would
3. Should
4. Shall


a. Could + Verb base
We can use this expression : to offer suggestion or possibilities.
Example :
Aldio : I’m having trouble with math.
Sean : Why don’t you ask Laila ?
             Perhaps she could help you.

b. Might + Verb base
Use might to tell possibilities.
Example :
Ekaristi  : Why is Villa taking the bus to get home.
Fiona     : He might get a flat time.

c. Would + verb base
Use would for an action that was repeated regulary in the past.
Example :
Andrew   : What did you usually do on holidays ?
Courney  : I would visit my grandparents In the village, but how not anymore.

d. Would + Mind + V-ing
Use would to express polite request.
Example :
Lucy      : Would you mind posting the letter ?
Nana        : No, Not at all.

e. Should + Verb base
Example :
Nisa : Jonathan , you should go to library now ?
Jonathan : O.k.

FINITE VERBS

Now I will explain about the finite verbs.
Does one of you who read my blog anyone know about finite verbs?
Do you know about Finite Verbs?
  
Definition:
A form of a verb that shows agreement with a subject and is marked for tense. Contrast with nonfinite verb (or verbal).
If there is just one verb in a sentence, it is finite. Finite verbs are sometimes called tensed verbs.

Examples and Observations:

• "The reason finite verbs are so important is their unique ability to act as the sentence-root. They can be used as the only verb in the sentence, whereas all the others have to depend on some other word, so finite verbs really stand out."
  (Richard Hudson, An Introduction to Word Grammar. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010)
• "The base, third person singular, and past tense are finite forms of verbs because they can be contrasted for tense (present and past), and marked for person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) and number (singular and plural).

I drive a car. [1st person, singular, present tense]
he drives a car. [3rd person, singular. present tense]
I/he drove a car. [1st and 3rd person, singular, past tense]

These three forms of the verb paradigm do not require additional helping verbs to express their meanings."
(Bernard T. O'Dwyer, Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position. Broadview Press, 2000)

• "Finite verbs can be recognized by their form and their position in the sentence. Here are some of the things to look for when you are trying to identify the finite verbs in a sentence:
1. Most finite verbs can take an -ed or a -d at the end of the word to indicate time in the past: cough, coughed; celebrate, celebrated. A hundred or so finite verbs do not have these endings [see Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs].
2. Nearly all finite verbs take an -s at the end of the word to indicate the present when the subject of the verb is third-person singular: cough, he coughs; celebrate, she celebrates. The exceptions are auxiliary verbs like can and must. Remember that nouns can also end in -s. Thus the dog races can refer to a spectator sport or to a fast-moving third-person singular dog.
3. Finite verbs are often groups of words that include such auxiliary verbs as can, must, have, and be: can be suffering, must eat, will have gone.
4. Finite verbs usually follow their subjects: He coughs. The documents had compromised him. They will have gone.
5. Finite verbs surround their subjects when some forms of a question are asked: Is he coughing? Did they celebrate?

(Ronald C. Foote, Cedric Gale, and Benjamin W. Griffith, Essentials of English. Barron's, 2000)

Pronunciation: FI-nite

Verb Terms

• Tense
• Irregular Verb
• Principal Parts of a Verb

Verb Types

• Base Verb
• Auxiliary Verb
• Linking Verb

Grammar Basics

• The Parts of Speech
• Basic Sentence Unit
• Basic Sentence Structures

NOUN PHRASES

HI GUYS,…

Today we are learning about NOUN PHRASES

WELL, LET’S SEE …

What is Noun?

noun is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or concept, or anything considered as noun

see the Noun examples

•       Persons: girl, boy, instructor, student, Mr. Smith, Peter, president

•       Animals: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish, bear, flea

•        Places: gym, store, school, Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, village, Europe

•       Things: computer, pen, notebook, mailbox, bush, tree, cornflakes

•       Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge, compassion, worship

The Functions of Nouns in Sentences

                1.Subject of the sentence
                2.Predicate Noun (also Predicate Nominative or Subjective Complement)

3. Appositive (noun in apposition)

                4. Direct object of a verb

5. Indirect object of a verb

                6. Object of the preposition

                7. Object Complement (Objective Complement)

What is PHRASES?

A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a subject and a predicate. Because it lacks a subject and a predicate it cannot act as a sentence.

So, definition of Noun Phrase is....

Either a single noun or pronoun or a group of word containing a noun or pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

Noun phrase can be inform of gerund (base+ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.

Example :

Seeing the exam watching nature.